Which piece of legislation ensures patient privacy in healthcare?

The correct choice is HIPAA, which stands for the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. This legislation was enacted in 1996 to address the privacy and security of individuals' medical records and personal health information. HIPAA establishes national standards that protect sensitive patient information from being disclosed without the patient's consent or knowledge, thus ensuring patient privacy in healthcare settings.

HIPAA not only governs the confidentiality of health records but also specifies patients' rights to access their medical records, request corrections, and receive notices regarding how their information is used and shared. The act mandates safeguards for healthcare providers, health plans, and other entities that handle protected health information, strengthening the overall trust patients have in the healthcare system.

Other options, such as FDA Regulations, PHR Act, and the Medicare Improvement Act, are related to various aspects of healthcare and medicine but do not focus specifically on patient privacy. FDA Regulations primarily deal with the approval and regulation of food and drugs, PHR Act relates to personal health records and their management without specifically addressing privacy, and the Medicare Improvement Act centers around the enhancement of Medicare benefits.