How is cream defined in the context of topical medications?

In the context of topical medications, cream is defined as a semi-solid mixture of oil and water. Creams are formulated to provide a soothing, hydrating effect when applied to the skin. This dual-phase nature allows them to offer the therapeutic benefits of both the water and oil components, making them suitable for various skin conditions. The semi-solid consistency means that creams can spread easily on the skin and are often used for applications that require a balance of moisture and the occlusive properties of oils, making them effective in treating dry or inflamed skin.

This formulation characteristic differentiates creams from other types of topical medications, such as ointments—which are primarily oil-based and more occlusive—or solutions, which are entirely liquid. Understanding the formulation and properties of creams is essential for pharmacy technicians when recommending or dispensing topical treatments.